Breast Cancer Awareness Month: When to Get Checked and When to See Your GP

October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a timely reminder to look after your breast health and understand what may affect your personal risk of developing breast cancer.

While some risk factors are beyond our control, being aware of changes in your breasts and attending screening when invited can help identify concerns earlier. Knowing what is normal for your body and seeking medical advice when something changes are important steps in protecting your health.

Breast Screening and Breast Symptoms Are Not the Same

Breast screening is for people with no symptoms. It aims to detect breast cancer early, before any signs or symptoms develop. Screening can help identify cancers at an earlier stage when treatment is often more effective. However, screening does not find every cancer, and breast cancer can sometimes develop between screening appointments.

This is why breast awareness remains important, regardless of your age or whether you have recently attended screening.

Know What Is Normal for You

There is no single "correct" way a breast should look or feel. Becoming familiar with your own breasts can make it easier to notice changes.

Speak to your GP if you notice:

• A new lump or thickening in the breast or underarm
• Changes in breast size or shape
• Skin dimpling or puckering
• Persistent redness or swelling
• Changes to the nipple, including inversion
• Nipple discharge that is unusual for you
• Persistent breast pain that does not improve

Most breast changes are not caused by cancer, but a healthcare professional should always assess any new or ongoing symptom.

BreastCheck in Ireland

Ireland's national breast screening programme, BreastCheck, offers free breast screening to eligible women aged 50 to 69 who are living in Ireland and have a PPS number. Screening is intended for people who do not have symptoms.

Women can check, update, or register their details from age 48 through the BreastCheck register, although screening invitations generally begin after age 50. 

Screening typically involves a mammogram, a specialised X-ray used to look for signs of breast cancer that may be too small to be seen or felt. Appointments take place in BreastCheck clinics and mobile screening units located throughout Ireland.

Understanding Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Breast cancer can affect anyone, but some factors can increase risk.

Risk Factors You Cannot Change

These include:

• Increasing age
• A personal history of breast cancer
• A close family history of breast or ovarian cancer
• Certain inherited genetic changes, such as BRCA gene mutations
• Dense breast tissue
• Early onset of periods or later menopause

Having one or more of these risk factors does not mean you will develop breast cancer. Many people diagnosed with breast cancer have no known inherited risk.

Lifestyle Factors That May Influence Risk

Research suggests that certain lifestyle factors can affect breast cancer risk, including:

• Drinking alcohol
• Being physically inactive
• Carrying excess weight after menopause
• Smoking

Making healthy lifestyle choices may help reduce overall cancer risk and support long-term wellbeing.

What About Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)?

For some women, HRT can be an effective treatment for menopausal symptoms. The benefits and risks vary from person to person, so decisions about HRT should always be discussed with a GP or healthcare professional based on individual circumstances.

When Should You See a GP?

Do not wait for your next screening appointment if you notice a breast change.

Whether you are 25, 45 or 75, any new lump, nipple change, persistent pain or other unexplained breast symptom should be assessed promptly by your GP. If needed, they can arrange further investigations or refer you to specialist breast services. 

Early assessment does not necessarily mean cancer is present, but it can help provide reassurance or ensure treatment begins as soon as possible if required.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can breast screening miss cancer?

Yes. Breast screening significantly improves the chances of finding cancer at an earlier stage, but it does not detect every cancer. This is why it's important to remain breast aware between appointments. 

What if I am under 50?

If you develop symptoms or have concerns about your family history, speak with your GP. BreastCheck eligibility is separate from the assessment of symptoms or individual risk. 

How often should I check my breasts?

Rather than following a strict schedule, experts recommend regular breast awareness. Knowing what is normal for you helps you notice changes and seek advice when needed.

The Importance of Early Action

Breast Cancer Awareness Month is a good opportunity to prioritise your health. Understanding your risk factors, attending screening when invited, and acting on any breast changes can all play an important role in early detection.

If something doesn't feel right, trust your instincts and speak to your GP.

Book an Appointment

If you have noticed a breast change or would like to discuss your personal breast cancer risk, book an appointment with your local Centric Health GP today. Early advice can provide reassurance and help ensure any concerns are assessed promptly.